David Reimer: Difference between revisions
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Money and physicians working with young children born with [[intersex]] conditions believed that a penis could not be replaced but that a functional [[vagina]] could be constructed surgically. It was also the safest and most conventional pathway to take: Money told the parents it was what would be best for the boy.<ref name=BBCHealthCheck/><!-- the closest to this is Colapinto-2001 p.32: "it was easier for surgeons to construct a synthetic vagina than to create an artificial penis", but that source doesn't support the claim. --> Money also claimed that Reimer would be more likely to achieve successful, functional sexual maturation as a girl than as a boy.{{sfn|Colapinto|2001b}}{{page needed|date=June 2016}}{{Failed verification|date=June 2016|reason=cannot find a supporting quote for this in Colapinto-2001 (print copy) }} For Money, a case where identical twin boys were involved where one could be raised as a girl provided a perfect test of his theories.<ref name=bbc-horizon-tv-2000>{{cite episode |date=7 December 2000 |title=The Boy Who Was Turned into a Girl |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2000/boyturnedgirl_transcript.shtml |series=[[Horizon (BBC TV series)|Horizon]] |publisher=BBC |access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=bbc-horizon-tv-followup>{{cite episode |year=2005 |title=Dr Money and the Boy with No Penis |series=[[Horizon (BBC TV series)|Horizon]] |publisher=BBC |access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref>
Money and the Hopkins team persuaded the baby's parents that [[sex reassignment surgery]] would be in Reimer's best interest.{{sfn|Colapinto|2001a|pp=50–52}} At the age of 22 months, baby Bruce underwent a bilateral [[orchidectomy]], in which his [[testicle|testes]] were surgically removed and a rudimentary vulva was fashioned.{{sfn|Colapinto|2001a|pp=53–54}} Bruce was [[
==Later childhood and adolescence==
His case came to international attention in 1997 when he told his story to [[Milton Diamond]], an academic [[sexology|sexologist]] who persuaded Reimer to allow him to report the outcome in order to dissuade physicians from treating other infants similarly.{{sfn|Diamond|Sigmundson|1997}} Soon after, Reimer went public with his story and [[John Colapinto]] published a {{citation needed span |date=May 2018 |text=widely disseminated and influential}} account in ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine in December 1997.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Colapinto |first=John |author-link=John Colapinto |year=1997 |title=The True Story of John/Joan |magazine=Rolling Stone |issue=775 |location=New York |publisher=Straight Arrow Publishers |pages=54–97 |issn=0035-791X}}</ref> The article won the [[National Magazine Awards|National Magazine Award]] for Reporting.{{sfn|Bockting|2010|p=378}}
This was later expanded into a full-length book ''[[As Nature Made Him|As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl]]'',{{sfn|Colapinto|2001b}} in which Colapinto described how—contrary to Money's reports—when living as Brenda, Reimer did not [[gender identity|identify]] as a girl. He was ostracized and bullied by peers (who dubbed him "cavewoman"),<ref name=BBCHealthCheck/>{{sfn|Karkazis|2008|p=74}} and neither frilly dresses (which he was forced to wear during frigid Winnipeg winters),{{sfnm |1a1=Colapinto |1y=2001 |1p=115 |2a1=Warnke |2y=2008 |2p=21}} nor female hormones made him feel female. By the age of 13 years, Reimer was experiencing suicidal depression and he told his parents he would take his own life if they made him see Money again. Finally, on 14 March 1980, Reimer's parents told him the truth about his gender reassignment, following advice from Reimer's [[endocrinologist]] and [[psychiatrist]]. At 14, having been informed of his past by his father, Reimer decided to assume a male gender identity, calling himself David. By 1987, Reimer had undergone treatment to reverse the reassignment, including testosterone injections, a double [[mastectomy]], and two [[phalloplasty]] operations. {{citation needed span |date=May 2018 |text=On 22 September}} 1990 he married{{sfn|Walker|2010|p=34}} Jane Fontaine and adopted her three children.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}}
In addition to his difficult lifelong relationship with his parents, Reimer had to deal with unemployment and the death of his brother Brian from an overdose of [[antidepressant]]s on 1 July 2002. On 2 May 2004 his wife Jane told him she wanted to separate. On the morning of 4 May 2004, Reimer drove to a grocery store's parking lot in his hometown of Winnipeg<ref name="LA Times"/> and took his own life by shooting himself in the head with a [[sawed-off shotgun]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Colapinto |first=John |author-link=John Colapinto |date=3 June 2004 |title=Gender Gap: What Were the Real Reasons behind David Reimer's Suicide? |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2004/06/gender_gap.html |work=Slate |access-date=13 February 2009}}</ref> He was 38 years old.<ref name=nyt-obit>{{cite news |date=12 May 2004 |title=David Reimer, 38, Subject of the John/Joan Case |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/12/us/david-reimer-38-subject-of-the-john-joan-case.html |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=The Canadian Press |access-date=19 May 2015}}</ref> He was buried in St. Vital Cemetery in Winnipeg.<ref>{{cite web |title=St. Vital Cemetery Burial Search |url=http://www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/cemeteries/cemetery_stvital_alpha.stm |publisher=City of Winnipeg |access-date=7 May 2018}}</ref>
|issn=1940-5030
|access-date=7 May 2018
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Karkazis
|first=Katrina
|author-link=Katrina Karkazis
|year=2008
|title=Fixing Sex: Intersex, Medical Authority, and Lived Experience
|location=Durham, North Carolina
|publisher=Duke University Press
|isbn=978-0-8223-8921-7
|ref=harv
}}
: {{cite book
|last=Marinucci
|first=Mimi
|year=2010
|title=Feminism is Queer: The Intimate Connection between Queer and Feminist Theory
|location=London
|publisher=Zed Books
|isbn=978-1-84813-475-1
|ref=harv
}}
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