| Polyneoptera | |
|---|---|
| |
| Some representatives | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Subclass: | Pterygota |
| Branch: | Metapterygota |
| Infraclass: | Neoptera |
| Cohort: | Polyneoptera Martynov, 1938 |
| Synonyms | |
|
Gryllones, Orthoptères, Orthopteroid Orders, Orthopteroidea, Paurometabola, Polyneopterata, Polyorthoptera, Polyplecoptera, Dermapterida, Plecopterida, Plecopterodea, Mystroptera | |
The cohort Polyneoptera[1][2] is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.[3]
Superorders and orders
The Polyneoptera Species File lists the following:[4]
Superorder Dictyoptera
Superorder Orthopterida
- †Caloneurodea
- †Geraroptera
- Orthoptera – 2 extant suborders:
- Caelifera – grasshoppers, groundhoppers, pygmy mole-crickets
- Ensifera – crickets, mole-crickets, katydids or bush crickets, camel crickets, wetas, etc.
- †Titanoptera – from the Triassic period
- order Incertae sedis
- family †Cacurgidae Handlirsch, 1911
- family †Chresmodidae Haase, 1890
- family †Permostridulidae Béthoux, Nel, Lapeyrie & Gand, 2003
- family †Protophasmatidae Brongniart, 1885
- genus †Chenxiella Liu, Ren & Prokop, 2009
- genus †Lobeatta Béthoux, 2005
- genus †Nectoptilus Béthoux, 2005
- genus †Sinopteron Prokop & Ren, 2007
Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera
Superorder †Perlidea (synonym Plecopteroidea)
Superorder not placed
- Dermaptera – earwigs
- Embioptera – web-spinners
- †Eoblattida
- Notoptera – redefined in 2006 to include Grylloblattidae (ice-crawlers) and Mantophasmatidae (gladiators)
- Phasmatodea – stick and leaf insects
- Plecoptera – stone-flies
- †Protorthoptera
- Zoraptera – angel insects
References
- ^ Martynov, AV (1938). "Studies on the geological history and phylogeny of the orders of insects (Pterygota)". Tr. Paleont. Inst. Inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 7 (4): 70.
- ^ Delclos; Nel; Azar; Bechly; Dunlop; Engel; Heads (2008). "The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): New palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaeontologie. 247 (3): 353–381. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2008/0247-0353.
- ^ Entomology Endopterygota. Royal Entomological Society. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ^ Polyneoptera, Species File (Version 5.0/5.0; retrieved 5 September 2020)
External links
Media related to Polyneoptera at Wikimedia Commons
