The term district, in the context of Indonesia, refers to the third-level administrative subdivision, below regency or city.[1][2][3][4] The local term kecamatan is used in majority of Indonesian areas, except in Papua, West Papua, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The term distrik is used in Papua and West Papua. In Yogyakarta, the term kapanewon is used for districts within regency, while the term kemantren is used for districts within city.[5] According to Statistics Indonesia, there are a total of 7,024 districts in Indonesia as of 2014.[6]
During the Dutch East Indies and early republic period, the term district referred to kewedanan, a subdivision of regency, while kecamatan was translated as subdistrict (Dutch: onderdistrict).[7] Following the abolition of kewedanan, the term district began to be associated with kecamatan which has since been directly administered by regency. Mainstream media such as The Jakarta Post,[8][9][10] Kompas,[11][12][13] and Tempo[14][15][16][17] use "district" to refer to kecamatan.
Definition
District in Indonesia is the third-level administrative subdivision, below regency or city (second-level) and province (first-level). According to the Act Number 23 of 2014, district is formed by the government of regency or city in order to improve the coordination of governance, public services, and empowerment of urban/rural villages.[18] District head is a career bureaucrat position directly appointed by regent or mayor. The local district term kecamatan is used in majority of Indonesian areas, with camat being the head.
During the Dutch East Indies and early republic period, the term district referred to kewedanan, a subdivision of regency. Kewedanan itself was divided into kecamatan, which was translated as subdistrict (Dutch: onderdistrict).[7] Following the abolition of kewedanan, the term district began to be associated with kecamatan which has since been directly administered by regency. In English-language dictionary, subdistrict means "a division or subdivision of a district", hence the translation of kecamatan as subdistrict is no longer precise since the absence of kewedanan as district.[19][20] The 1982 publication of Statistics Indonesia (BPS) translated kecamatan as district.[21]
With the release of the Act Number 21 of 2001 concerning the Special Autonomous of Papua Province, the term distrik was used instead of kecamatan in the entire Western New Guinea (Papua and West Papua).[22] The difference between the two is merely the naming, with kepala distrik being the district head. It was later followed in 2019 by another autonomous province, the Special Region of Yogyakarta, where kecamatan was replaced with kapanewon and kemantren. Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, the region's governor and the monarch of Yogyakarta Sultanate, issued Gubernatorial Decree Number 25 of 2019, which restored the old naming convention for the region's subdivisions. Kapanewon (a subdivision of regency) is headed by a panewu, while kemantren (a subdivision of city), is headed by a mantri pamong praja.[5]
List of districts
References
- ^ Anggraini, Yusniah (2017). "Implementation Policy of Supervision of Employee Task Office of Cipocok Jaya Districts, Serang City, Banten Province". Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Gevisioner, Gevisioner (2013). "Strategi Pembangunan Berbasis Masyarakat di Kecamatan Perbatasan Negara di Provinsi Riau". Ministry of Home Affairs (Indonesia). Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "Luas Wilayah Menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten Bekasi, 2017". Statistics Indonesia. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "Stunting Handling in Indonesia is Appreciated by The World Bank President". Ministry of Finance (Indonesia). 7 April 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ a b Muryanto, Bambang (3 December 2019). "Yogyakarta to restore archaic administrative naming convention". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ a b "Badan Pusat Statistik". www.bps.go.id.
- ^ a b Moehadi, Drs; Pratitis, Dra Titi; Mulyono, Drs; Priyanto, Drs Supriyo; Galba, Drs Sindu (January 1, 1988). "Dampak Modernisasi Terhadap Hubungan Kekerabatan di Daerah Jawa Tengah". Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan – via Google Books.
- ^ Staff (4 October 2011). "Tangerang districts want to split from regency". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Staff (27 June 2015). "Greater Jakarta: Districts in Bogor face drought". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Gunawan, Apriadi (28 October 2019). "Thousands forced to live in tents as floods hit 11 districts in North Sumatra". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Fajriansyah, Adrian (4 May 2017). "Muddy and Deadly Road in Sepucuk-Cengal". Kompas. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Sucipto; Harto, Ambrosius (29 August 2019). "Hope Springs in Sepaku". Kompas. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ Octavia, Vina (25 October 2017). "Gisting Bawah Villagers Driven to Improve Lives". Kompas. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
- ^ "President Inaugurates Pertamina US$ 5.8 Billion Mega Project". Tempo. August 2, 2015.
- ^ Bhwana, Petir Garda (November 14, 2019). "Two Active Grenades Found in Pangkep Gas Station". Tempo.
- ^ Arkyasa, Mahinda (September 7, 2019). "Grab Operates in Danau Toba, Supports Wonderful Indonesia". Tempo.
- ^ Arkyasa, Mahinda (October 26, 2019). "Densus 88 Arrest Suspected Terrorist in Cileungsi, Bogor". Tempo.
- ^ RI, Setjen DPR. "J.D.I.H. - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat". dpr.go.id.
- ^ "Definition of subdistrict | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com.
- ^ Wallerstein, Immanuel (1966). Social Change the Colonial Situation. John Wiley & Sons. p. 276. ISBN 978-0471918974.
- ^ "Jakarta Dalam Angka: Statistical Year Book of Jakarta". Kantor Sensus dan Statistik D.K.I. Jakarta. January 28, 1982 – via Google Books.
- ^ RI, Setjen DPR. "J.D.I.H. - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat". dpr.go.id.
External links
Media related to Districts of Indonesia at Wikimedia Commons
