| Athletics 400 metres | |
|---|---|
 The closing stages of a men's 400 m race | |
| Men's records | |
| World |  Wayde van Niekerk 43.03 (2016) |
| Olympic | Wayde van Niekerk 43.03 (2016) |
| Women's records | |
| World |  Marita Koch 47.60 (1985) |
| Olympic |  Marie-José Pérec 48.25 (1996) |
The 400 metres, or 400 metre dash, is a sprinting event in track and field competitions. It has been featured in the athletics programme at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1964 for women. On a standard outdoor running track, it is one lap around the track. Runners start in staggered positions and race in separate lanes for the entire course. In many countries, athletes previously competed in the 440 yard dash (402.336 m)—which is a quarter of a mile and was referred to as the 'quarter-mile'—instead of the 400 m (437.445 yards), though this distance is now obsolete.
Maximum sprint speed capability is a significant contributing factor to success in the event, but athletes also require substantial speed endurance and the ability to cope well with high amounts of lactic acid to sustain a fast speed over a whole lap. While considered to be predominantly an anaerobic event, there is some aerobic involvement and the degree of aerobic training required for 400 metre athletes is open to debate.[1]
The current men's world record is held by Wayde van Niekerk of South Africa, with a time of 43.03 seconds; van Niekerk is also the reigning world and Olympic champion. The world indoor record holder is Michael Norman, in 44.52 seconds. The current women's world record is held by Marita Koch, with a time of 47.60 seconds. Phyllis Francis is the reigning women's world champion, while Shaunae Miller holds the women's Olympic title. The men's T43 Paralympic world record of 45.07 seconds is held by Oscar Pistorius.[2]
An Olympic double of 200 metres and 400 m was first achieved by Valerie Brisco-Hooks in 1984, and later by Marie-José Pérec of France and Michael Johnson from the United States on the same evening in 1996. Alberto Juantorena of Cuba at the 1976 Summer Olympics became the first and so far the only athlete to win both the 400 m and 800 m Olympic titles. Pérec became the first to defend the Olympic title in 1996, Johnson became the first and only man to do so in 2000.
The Olympic champion has frequently won a second gold medal in the 4 × 400 metres relay. This has been accomplished 14 times by men; Charles Reidpath, Ray Barbuti, Bill Carr, George Rhoden, Charles Jenkins, Otis Davis, Mike Larrabee, Lee Evans, Viktor Markin, Alonzo Babers, Steve Lewis, Quincy Watts, Jeremy Wariner and LaShawn Merritt; and 4 times by women; Monika Zehrt, Valerie Brisco-Hooks, Olga Bryzgina and Sanya Richards-Ross. All but Rhoden, Markin, Zehrt and Bryzgina ran on American relay teams. Injured after his double in 1996, Johnson also accomplished the feat in 2000 only to have it disqualified when his teammate Antonio Pettigrew admitted to doping.
Contents
Continental records
Updated 21 December 2018.[3][4]
| Area | Men | Women | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | Time (s) | Athlete | Nation | ||
| Africa (records) | 43.03 WR | Wayde van Niekerk | South Africa |
49.10 | Falilat Ogunkoya |  Nigeria
| |
| Asia (records) | 43.93 | Yousef Ahmed Masrahi |  Saudi Arabia |
49.08 | Salwa Eid Nasser |  Bahrain
| |
| Europe (records) | 44.33 | Thomas Schönlebe | East Germany |
47.60 WR | Marita Koch | East Germany
| |
| North, Central America and Caribbean (records) |
43.18 | Michael Johnson |  United States |
48.70 | Sanya Richards | United States
| |
| Oceania (records) | 44.38 | Darren Clark |  Australia |
48.63 | Cathy Freeman | Australia
| |
| South America (records) | 44.29 | Sanderlei Parrela |  Brazil |
49.64 | Ximena Restrepo |  Colombia
| |
All-time top 25 sprinters
- A = affected by altitude
Men
- Correct as of July 2018.[5]
Notes
Below is a list of all other times equal or superior to 43.84:
- Michael Johnson also ran 43.39 (1995), 43.44 (1996), 43.49 (1996), 43.65 (1993) 43.66 (1995), 43.66 (1996), 43.68 (1998), 43.68 (2000), 43.74 (1993), 43.75 (1997), 43.84 (2000).
- Wayde van Niekerk also ran 43.48 (2015), 43.62 (2017), 43.73 (2017).
- Jeremy Wariner also ran 43.50 (2007), 43.62 (2006), 43.82 (2008).
- Quincy Watts also ran 43.71 (1992), 43.83 (1992).
- LaShawn Merritt also ran 43.74 (2013), 43.75 (2008).
- Kirani James also ran 43.76 (2016).
- Isaac Makwala also ran 43.84 (2017).
Women
Update 21 December 2018.[18][19]
Notes
Below is a list of all other times superior to 48.80:
- Marita Koch also ran 48.16 (1982), 48.16 (1984), 48.22 (1986), 48.26 (1984), 48.60 (1979), 48.77 (1982).
- Jarmila Kratochvílová also ran 48.45 (1983), 48.61 (1981).
- Olga Vladykina / Bryzgina also ran 48.60 (1985), 48.65 (1988).
- Taťána Kocembová also ran 48.73 (1984).
Indoor Top 10
Men indoor
Updated 21 December 2018.[23]
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 44.52 | Michael Norman | United States
|
10 March 2018 | College Station | |
| 2 | 44.57 | Kerron Clement | United States
|
12 March 2005 | Fayetteville | |
| 3 | 44.63 | Michael Johnson | United States
|
4 March 1995 | Atlanta | |
| 4 | 44.80 | Kirani James |  Grenada
|
27 February 2011 | Fayetteville | |
| 5 | 44.85 | Fred Kerley | United States
|
11 March 2017 | College Station | |
| 6 | 44.86 | Akeem Bloomfield |  Jamaica
|
10 March 2018 | College Station | |
| 7 | 44.88 | Bralon Taplin | Grenada
|
3 February 2018 | College Station | |
| 8 | 44.93 | LaShawn Merritt | United States
|
11 February 2005 | Fayetteville | |
| 9 | 45.02 | Danny Everett | United States
|
2 February 1992 | Stuttgart | |
| 10 | 45.03 | Torrin Lawrence | United States
|
12 February 2010 | Fayetteville | |
| Deon Lendore |  Trinidad and Tobago
|
1 March 2014 | College Station |
Women indoor
Updated 21 December 2018.[24]
| Rank | Time | Athlete | Nation | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 49.59 | Jarmila Kratochvílová |  Czechoslovakia
|
7 March 1982 | Milan | |
| 2 | 49.68 | Natalya Nazarova |  Russia
|
18 February 2004 | Moscow | |
| 3 | 49.76 | Taťána Kocembová | Czechoslovakia
|
2 February 1984 | Vienna | |
| 4 | 50.01 | Sabine Busch | East Germany
|
2 February 1984 | Vienna | |
| 5 | 50.02 | Nicola Sanders |  Great Britain
|
3 March 2007 | Birmingham | |
| 6 | 50.04 | Olesya Krasnomovets | Russia
|
18 February 2006 | Moscow | |
| 12 March 2006 | Moscow | |||||
| 7 | 50.15 | Olga Zaytseva | Russia
|
25 January 2006 | Moscow | |
| 8 | 50.21 | Vania Stambolova |  Bulgaria
|
12 March 2006 | Moscow | |
| 9 | 50.23 | Irina Privalova | Russia
|
12 March 1995 | Barcelona | |
| 10 | 50.28 | Petra Müller | East Germany
|
6 March 1988 | Budapest |
Fastest relay splits
Men
|
Women
|
Most successful athletes
3 or more 400 metres victories at the Olympic Games and World Championships:
- 6 wins: Michael Johnson (USA) - Olympic Champion in 1996 and 2000, World Champion in 1993, 1995, 1997 and 1999.
- 4 wins: Marie-Jose Perec (FRA) - Olympic Champion in 1992 and 1996, World Champion in 1991 and 1995.
- 3 wins: Cathy Freeman (AUS) - Olympic Champion in 2000, World Champion in 1997 and 1999
- 3 wins: Jeremy Wariner (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2004, World Champion in 2005 and 2007.
- 3 wins: Christine Ohuruogu (GBR) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2007 and 2013.
- 3 wins: LaShawn Merritt (USA) - Olympic Champion in 2008, World Champion in 2009 and 2013.
- 3 wins: Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) - Olympic Champion in 2016, World Champion in 2015 and 2017.
Olympic medalists
Men
Women
World Championships medalists
Men
Women
World Indoor Championships medalists
Men
Women
- A Known as the World Indoor Games
Season's bests
Notes and references
- ^ Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, "Aerobic versus anaerobic training for success in various athletic events" by Shepard, R. J., 1978
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "Men's outdoor 400 Metres". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "Women's outdoor 400 Metres". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "All-time men's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 8 January 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ^ "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
- ^ Roy Jordan (9 June 2018). "Benjamin and Norman break collegiate records at NCAA Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ "400m Results". IAAF. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
- ^ Jon Mulkeen (27 May 2017). "Kerley cruises to 43.70 clocking for 400m at NCAA West Preliminaries". IAAF. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
- ^ "400m Results" (PDF). www.sep-olympic.ch. 5 July 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-03.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
- ^ "400m Men - Heats Results". IAAF. 23 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- ^ Roy Jordan (9 June 2018). "Benjamin and Norman break collegiate records at NCAA Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
- ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 July 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ "Senior Outdoor 400 Metres Women". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "All-time women's best 400m". alltime-athletics.com. 26 November 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ "400m Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 20 July 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
- ^ "400m Results". IAAF. 27 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
- ^ "Senior Indoor 400 Metres Men". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "Senior Indoor 400 Metres Women". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
- ^ "4x400 Metres Relay Icons". Retrieved 10 June 2018.
Jeremy Wariner: The two-time world 400m champion was a key member of the USA 4x400m squad in the 2000s, picking up two Olympic relay golds and three world titles. He also boasts the second-fastest relay split in history with his 42.93 from the 2007 World Championships.
- ^ "Men's 4×400m Relay Results". ncaa.com. 27 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
- ^ https://smsprio2016-a.akamaihd.net/_odf-documents/A/T/ATM404101_Results_2016_08_20_3f946dd6_c984_4e33_bf39_31afec5beb68.pdf
External links
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to 400 metres. |
- IAAF list of 400-metres records in XML
- All-time Masters men's 400 m list
- All-time Masters women's 400 m list