1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections

1830 and 1831 United States House of Representatives elections
All 213 seats to the United States House of Representatives ; 107 seats were needed for a majority
Speaker before election; Andrew Stevenson; Jacksonian	Elected Speaker ; Andrew Stevenson; Jacksonian

In the United States House of Representatives elections of 1830 the supporters of President Andrew Jackson lost ten seats during his first term, but managed to maintain control of the chamber amidst the growth of two new opposition movements.

The brash style of Congress during the administration of Andrew Jackson caused a number of Americans to become dissatisfied with the government and both of the major parties. Anger over the Tariff of 1828 also provided a major issue, particularly in the agricultural South. The Jacksonians remained firmly in control of the House, but lost several seats, as did the minority Anti-Jacksonians. The Anti-Masonic Party, an aspiring third party which was based on a single issue (distrust of Freemasonry), was actually able to gain a dozen seats, and four South Carolina Congressman who called themselves Nullifiers (based on the principle of states' rights) were also elected. Thus, this was the first election in the House where both major parties lost seats at the same time; this would not occur again until the 1854 elections.

Election summaries

Not including special elections.

↓
66	17	126	4
Anti-Jacksonian	AM	Jacksonian	N

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Anti-Jacksonian		Anti-Masonic		Jacksonian		Nullifier
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Louisiana	Districts	July 5–7, 1830	3	2		0		1		0
Mississippi	At-large	August 2–3, 1830	1	0		0		1		0
Vermont	Districts	September 6, 1830	5	3	1	2	1	0		0
Maine	Districts	September 13, 1830	7	1	2	0		6	2	0
Georgia	At-large	October 4, 1830	7	0		0		7		0
Ohio	Districts	October 12, 1830	14	8	2	0		6	2	0
Pennsylvania	Districts	October 12, 1830	26	2	1	7	6	17	7	0
South Carolina	Districts	October 11–12, 1830	9	0		0		5	4	4	4
Massachusetts	Districts	November 1, 1830	13	13		0		0		0
New York	Districts	November 1–3, 1830	34	3	8	8	5	23	3	0
New Jersey	At-large	November 6, 1830	6	6		0		0		0
Delaware	At-large	November 13, 1830	1	1		0		0		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1831 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	At-large	March 8, 1831	6	0		0		6		0
Connecticut	At-large	April 14, 1831	6	6		0		0		0
Virginia	Districts	April 1831	22	5	1	0		17	1	0
Alabama	Districts	August 1, 1831	3	0		0		3		0
Illinois	At-large	August 1, 1831	1	0		0		1		0
Kentucky	Districts	August 1, 1831	12	4	2	0		8	2	0
Missouri	At-large	August 2, 1831	1	0		0		1		0
Indiana	Districts	August 5, 1831	3	0	2	0		3	2	0
Tennessee	Districts	August 4–5, 1831	9	1		0		8		0
North Carolina	Districts	August 11, 1831	13	2	1	0		11	1	0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 23, 1831	2	2		0		0		0
Maryland	Districts	October 3, 1831	9	5	2	0		4	2	0
Total			213	66 31.0%	6	17 8.0%	12	126 59.2%	10	4 1.9%	4

House seats

Anti-Jacksonian			30.1%
Anti-Masonic			8.0%
Jacksonian			59.2%
Nullifier			1.9%

Special elections

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 11	William Ramsey	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent died September 29, 1831 before the new Congress convened. New member elected November 22, 1831. Jacksonian hold. Successor seated December 5, 1831.^[1]	Y Robert McCoy (Jacksonian) 2,459 votes John D. Mahon (Independent) 1,931 votes James McSherry (Anti-Masonic) 1,154 votes^[2]

Alabama

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Alabama 1 "Northern District"	Clement C. Clay	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Clement C. Clay (Jacksonian) 100.00%
Alabama 2 "Middle District"	Robert E. B. Baylor	Jacksonian	1825	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	Y Samuel W. Mardis (Jacksonian) 41.58% Jesse W. Garth (Anti-Jacksonian) 35.51% Robert E. B. Baylor (Jacksonian) 22.92%
Alabama 3 "Southern District"	Dixon Hall Lewis	Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Dixon Hall Lewis (Jacksonian) 57.64% John Murphy (Jacksonian) 42.36%

Connecticut

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut at-large 6 seats on a general ticket	Ralph I. Ingersoll	Anti-Jacksonian	1825	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Noyes Barber (Anti-Jacksonian) 14.55% Y Ralph I. Ingersoll (Anti-Jacksonian) 14.54% Y Jabez W. Huntington (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.33% Y William W. Ellsworth (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.31% Y William L. Storrs (Anti-Jacksonian) 13.09% Y Ebenezer Young (Anti-Jacksonian) 1.93% Isaac Toucey (Jacksonian) 7.04% Simeon Minor (Jacksonian) 7.04% Elisha Halsey (Jacksonian) 6.33% William Hollabird (Jacksonian) 4.88% Thaddeus Betts 3.95%
	Noyes Barber	Anti-Jacksonian	1821	Incumbent re-elected.
	Ebenezer Young	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.
	Jabez W. Huntington	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.
	William L. Storrs	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.
	William W. Ellsworth	Anti-Jacksonian	1829	Incumbent re-elected.

Delaware

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Delaware at-large	Kensey Johns	Anti-Jacksonian	1827 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian hold.	Y John J. Milligan (Anti-Jacksonian) 52.68% Henry M. Ridgely (Jacksonian) 47.32%

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams was elected from Massachusetts's 11th district, becoming the first former president to re-enter public life after leaving the presidency.

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[3]^[a]
Pennsylvania 1	Joel B. Sutherland	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Joel B. Sutherland (Jacksonian) 66.2% Stephen Simpson (Anti-Jacksonian) 33.8%
Pennsylvania 2	Joseph Hemphill	Jacksonian	1800 1802 (Lost) 1818 1826 (Resigned) 1828	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	Y Henry Horn (Jacksonian) 55.6% Daniel W. Coxe (Anti-Jacksonian) 44.4%
Pennsylvania 3	Daniel H. Miller	Jacksonian	1822	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	Y John G. Watmough (Anti-Jacksonian) 54.1% Daniel H. Miller (Jacksonian) 45.9%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats	James Buchanan	Jacksonian	1820	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	Y William Hiester (Anti-Masonic) 52.4% Y Joshua Evans Jr. (Jacksonian) 50.4% Y David Potts Jr. (Anti-Masonic) 49.1% Edward Darlington (Anti-Masonic) 49.0% Samuel Boyd (Jacksonian) 47.3% Archibald T. Dick (Jacksonian) 37.1% Samuel Edwards (F) 14.6%
	Joshua Evans Jr.	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
	George G. Leiper	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.
Pennsylvania 5	John B. Sterigere	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	Y Joel K. Mann (Jacksonian) 56.4% John Freedly (Anti-Masonic) 43.6%
Pennsylvania 6	Innis Green	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	Y John C. Bucher (Jacksonian) 54.4% Valentine Hummel (Anti-Jacksonian) 45.6%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	Joseph Fry Jr.	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.	Y Henry A. P. Muhlenberg (Jacksonian) 58.3% Y Henry King (Jacksonian) 55.0% John Bentenman (Anti-Masonic) 44.2% Walter C. Livingston (Anti-Masonic) 42.5%
Pennsylvania 7 Plural district with 2 seats	Henry A. P. Muhlenberg	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	Peter Ihrie Jr.	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Peter Ihrie Jr. (Jacksonian) 61.0% Y Samuel A. Smith (Jacksonian) 48.1% Lewis A. Coryell (D?) 33.4% Christian J. Hutter (D?) 29.7% James M. Porter (Anti-Jacksonian) 18.4% Stephen Brock (Anti-Jacksonian) 9.4%
Pennsylvania 8 Plural district with 2 seats	Samuel A. Smith	Jacksonian	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 9 Plural district with 3 seats	Philander Stephens	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lewis Dewart (Jacksonian)^[b] 99.0% Y Philander Stephens (Jacksonian) 69.6% Y James Ford (Jacksonian) 68.4% John Burrows (Anti-Jacksonian) 32.3% George Walker (Anti-Jacksonian) 30.7%
	James Ford	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
	Alem Marr	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Jacksonian hold.
Pennsylvania 10	Adam King	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Adam King (Jacksonian) 58.6% William McIlvine (Anti-Jacksonian) 41.4%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	Thomas H. Crawford	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas H. Crawford (Jacksonian) 60.1% Y William Ramsey (Jacksonian) 59.2% Jacob Alter (Anti-Masonic) 40.5% Robert Smith (Anti-Masonic) 40.1%
Pennsylvania 11 Plural district with 2 seats	William Ramsey	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent died September 29, 1831, before the new Congress convened, leading to a November 22, 1831 special election^[4]
Pennsylvania 12	John Scott	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	Y Robert Allison (Anti-Masonic) 55.1% John Scott (Jacksonian) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 13	Chauncey Forward	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Jacksonian gain.	Y George Burd (Anti-Jacksonian) 50.2% David Mann (Anti-Masonic) 48.5% Reynolds^[c] 1.3%
Pennsylvania 14	Thomas Irwin	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	Y Andrew Stewart (Anti-Masonic) 54.3% Thomas Irwin (Jacksonian) 45.7%
Pennsylvania 15	William McCreery	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent lost-relection. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	Y Thomas M. T. McKennan (Anti-Masonic) 52.1% William McCreery (Jacksonian) 47.9%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	Harmar Denny	Anti-Masonic	1829 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Harmar Denny (Anti-Masonic) 55.2% Y John Gilmore (Jacksonian) 41.6% Robert T. Stewart (Jacksonian) 35.7% William Ayers (Anti-Masonic) 35.4% Walter Forward (Anti-Masonic) 32.2%
Pennsylvania 16 Plural district with 2 seats	John Gilmore	Jacksonian	1828	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 17	Richard Coulter	Jacksonian	1826	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Richard Coulter (Jacksonian) 63.5% Thomas Pollock (Anti-Masonic) 26.5%
Pennsylvania 18	Thomas H. Sill	Anti-Jacksonian	1826 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic gain.	Y John Banks (Anti-Masonic) 57.1% Thomas S. Cunningham (Jacksonian) 42.9%

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

Notes

^ For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats.
^ Ran on joint Jacksonian/Anti-Jacksonian ticket.
^ Source did not give full name

References

^ "Twenty-second Congress March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1833". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
^ Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University. (erroneously dating Ramsey's death and the election)
^ "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).
^ "Twenty-second Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 28 and 29" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2013.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

[4] For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats.

[5] Ran on joint Jacksonian/Anti-Jacksonian ticket.

[fn-7] Source did not give full name

[1] "Twenty-second Congress March 4, 1831, to March 3, 1833". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved September 25, 2019.

[2] Cox, Harold (January 31, 2007). "Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006" (PDF). The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University. (erroneously dating Ramsey's death and the election)

[3] "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).

[6] "Twenty-second Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 28 and 29" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 12, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2013.

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